Finansiering Canada
Canada har lang erfaring med principperne i CCS igennem Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), som er en teknik, hvor man bruger indfanget CO2 til at presse mere olie ud af undergrunden. Canada står derfor i dag klar til at realisere teknologien i en bredere sammenhæng. I en rapport udarbejdet for den canadiske regering og provinsen Albertas regering af en koalition af private interessenter fra energiselskaber og fossile brændselsproducenter - The Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage - anbefales følgende:
Three Immediate Actions
Immediate Action #1 – Federal and Provincial
governments should allocate $2 billion
in new public funding to leverage the billions of dollars of industry
investment in the first CCS projects; this funding should be distributed
expeditiously through a competitive request for proposals process so
that these phase-one projects are operational by 2015.
Funding the first set of three to five CCS projects will result
in five Mt of annual CO2
reductions from CCS, and will initiate the process for getting the country
on the
pathway towards a made-in-Canada solution for reducing emissions and
towards
global leadership in CCS.
Immediate Action #2 – Authorities responsible
for oil and gas regulation should
provide regulatory clarity to move the first CCS projects forward by:
quickly confirming
legislation and regulation related to pore-space ownership and disposition
rights;
clearly articulating the terms for the transfer of long-term liability
from industry to
government; and increasing the transparency of regulatory processes.
Confirming provincial jurisdiction over the ownership and disposition
of pore space,
and clearly articulating that industry will not face long-term liability
obligations
associated with CCS will help create a regulatory environment that is
conducive for
CCS. The time required to make the regulatory changes should not delay
decisions
or approvals on the phase-one CCS projects.
Immediate Action #3 – Federal and Provincial
governments should ensure as much
opportunity for CCS projects under the GHG regulatory frameworks as
for any other
qualifying emission reduction option. This will require the creation
of CCS-specific
measurement and crediting protocols.
Ensuring a role for CCS in meeting emission reductions obligations,
and ensuring that
any CO2 credits from CCS are no less tradable or valuable than other
credits, will
help create some potential commercial value for CCS activities.
Three Next Steps
Next Step #1 - Industry and both government levels
should form a collaborative
framework including an advisory group over the next two years to coordinate
discussion, to institutionalize learning, and to potentially carry out
specific aspects of
immediate actions 1, 2, and 3. This may evolve into a more formal organization
as
future needs are assessed.
A collaborative effort based on coordinating and institutionalizing
the learning
gained will foster CCS capabilities in Canadian industry, government,
and nongovernment
organizations.
Next Step #2 – Federal and Provincial governments
should provide stable financial
incentives to help drive CCS activities beyond the phase-one projects.
These may
include the continuation of RFPs for phase-two projects, CO2 storage
incentives,
and/or the use of tax and royalty incentives.
Broad-based, phase-two support for CCS is required to drive the country
towards
deep future GHG reductions, potentially one-third to one-half of Canada’s
projected
GHG emissions by 2050.
Next Step #3 – Canadian-based research organizations
and technology developers
should focus research and demonstration efforts on CCS to achieve two
goals: to
drive down the cost of existing CCS technologies; and to enable the
deployment
of next generation CCS technology and processes – the Federal
and Provincial
governments should provide financial support for these activities.
Canadian-based research on cost-effective and next generation technology
will
support broader application of CCS in other sectors and locations, both
domestic
and international.
Disse anbefalinger er ikke officiel politik i Canada, men må på baggrund af at den canadiske Minister of Natural Resources og Albertas Minister of Energy står bag rapportens anbefalinger antages at være det bedste bud på hvordan CCS kommer til at se ud i Canada i den nærmeste fremtid.
Provinsen Alberta har i - næsten ordret - overensstemmelse med de nævnte anbefalinger oprettet en CDN $2 bn. (ca. 10 mia. kr) fond med henblik på at kick starte storskala CCS i Alberta. Målet er at reducere provinsens udledninger med omkring 5 mill. tons om året fra 2015.